In his groundbreaking book ‘Born To Run’, Christopher McDougall chronicled the ‘barefoot’ running of the now famous Tahuamara Indians in Mexico. (They actually typically wore sandals, but it was minimal footwear nonetheless.) He also included a tremendous amount of research on the possible connection of the modern day running shoe to running injuries, along with weaving in the lives of long distance ultra-marathon runners. Besides being a fascinating read, it also opened my eyes to the joy of minimal style running.
I never considered myself a ‘runner’. In truth, I found running to be a chore. I had run short distance races, a half marathon, a full marathon and was training for my second 26.2 mile challenge when a client and friend of mine lent me Born To Run on CD. It took me a couple months before I put it on my iPod and began listening to it as I ran. I had grown weary of running to music and found the book to be a great diversion. Listening to stories of men and women run over 100 miles, some through high elevation trails, others over scorching blacktop roads in Death Valley, inspired me and helped me to appreciate that my 15 mile jaunts were painless in comparison.
Something else happened as I listened and ran. I began to enjoy running. Enjoyment turned to love. Especially for trail running. When I got on the great network of trails above Ogden I was transported back to childhood, bounding and leaping like a deer through the forest. The amount of time spent on the Bonneville Shoreline trails probably hurt my time in the 2011 Ogden Marathon because I hadn’t disciplined myself to hold a consistent pace on the road. But it was worth it. I had developed a love for something I only tolerated before. It opened up a whole new world to me.
The final change that took place, all thanks to Mr. McDougall’s book, is my style of running. If you were to look at a pair of running shoes prior to Nike’s entrance into the shoe market in the early 1970’s you would have seen a very minimal shoe with no thick cushioning in the heel. Interestingly enough, there were very few injuries related to running in those days. The lack of a cushioned heel meant a runner was forced to run as the human body was intended to run: On the ball of the foot, rather than with a heel strike first. Why do I say ’intended to run’? Because that’s how people ran for millenniums before the 70’s! But isn’t the cushioning in the heel good for minimizing impact therefore reducing injury?
No. In fact not Nike, nor any other running shoe maker has provided any research to prove that a prominent heel strike form of running with a cushioned heel has reduced injury. Anecdotal evidence would indicate otherwise. (For in-depth related studies, read Born To Run.)
Think about it this way: If you were to jump from an object high off the ground, how would you naturally land to minimize impact? On your heel? Or on the ball of your foot? Landing on the heel, no matter how thick the heel cushioning, would send a jarring shock through your entire body. But landing on the ball of your foot would allow your muscles and joints to flex and rebound, minimizing the direct impact on your joints and bones.
The same principle applies to running. With each step, a heel strike first type of run sends shockwaves through your joints and bones. The cushioning makes things worse because it gives a false sense of safety. So a runner is likely to land even harder than if there were minimal cushioning. Whereas a midstrike landing allows our body to absorb the shock.
Modern running shoes with prominent arch support have literally added insult to injury. ‘But I have arch pain so I need arch support’ you say. But what other tendon in the body do we permanently immobilize as a form of treatment? Instead we work through forms of movement therapy to treat connective tissue problems. Immobilizing the Plantar Fascia tendon in our foot only makes matters worse as it doesn’t allow for adaptation and strengthening. Many runners have found that switching to minimal style shoes with no arch support has actually improved their arch problems.
Here’s the caveat though. If you have been running in highly cushioned, arch supported shoes, you can’t just switch to a minimal shoe and expect an overnight reduction in knee, hip and arch problems. As with any change in a exercise routine, there will be a period of adaptation. I have spoken with more than one person that has experienced stress fractures and other injuries to their feet because they didn’t allow time to adapt. I recommend switching back and forth between your old runners and new minimal shoes for a while so your feet, Achilles and calves can strengthen over time. First time out just run a hundred yards or so and slowly build your miles. Personally speaking, it took months for my calves and Achilles to adapt.
As I logged more miles I found I needed to slightly lower my heel to reduce fatigue in my calves. But I have had clients that very quickly adapted to minimals with little trouble at all. Whether you choose to switch to this style of running is up to you. You may find that minimal running suits you as much as it did me. Maybe I’ll see you on a trail one of these days!















